General- Fan Li; (Hanrei:范蠡) =Genius of the world
General- Fan Li; (Hanrei:范蠡) =Genius of the world
From now on, I will feature China 7 times. Since I was a child, I have become familiar with Chinese writing and have learned Chinese philosophy, history books, and Chinese poetry on my own way. However, I hate China, which is too arrogant. The Holocaust that the Chinese Communist Party is doing to the Uighurs, anti-vomiting. I think that China’s fortune is a reasonable end to perish. Before I thought so, I’ve loved Chinese culture, so I shall write the essence I brought back from it.(No4)
Ancient China’s epiode, ancient China refers to the period from the Spring and Autumn Warring States period(春秋戦国時代) to the Tang period(唐時代). What is particularly interesting in the history of the Chinese war is neither the battle of Han Chu(漢楚の争い) (Xiang Yu VS Liu Kun:項羽VS劉邦) nor the Three Kingdoms(三国志) (Cao Cao VS Zhuge Liang:曹操V諸葛孔明). It is the Wu-Yue battle(呉越の争い) that was fought between the 6th and 5th centuries BC. Wu(呉) and Yue(越) were underdeveloped nations of China at that time, but the winners of these two nations, Yue, will chanting over chuugen (dominating China:中原の支配). The King of Wu was Fuchai(夫差), and the King of Yue was Goujian(勾践), both of whom were mediocre kings with weak wills. It was Wu: Wu Zixu(伍子胥) and Yue: Hanrei(范蠡) who made the two people excited.
Rei: bark beetle (etymology)
Wu Zixu was originally a Chu(楚) person, but he went into exile in Wu with a grudge against Chu Wang's outrage. He had an audience with Yue Wang to relieve his resentment (not yet in Kosen's place). Yue Wang: "Can I lend a soldier for my grudge?" It was Hanrei who set out a boat for Wu Zixu who tried to commit suicide on the spot. Wu Zixu borrows Yue's soldiers. Yue Wang: "Look, you've been scratched soldiers meaninglessly." Hanrei: "What if we could buy 10 years of peace with this? It's cheap. While Wu was fighting, those kid boys I will be a peaceful soldier. ”Yue Wang:“ Hanrei, the man you are ... ”After that, when the situation became unfavorable to Yue, this“ lent soldier ”was used as a material to turn the situation over.
In addition, there were Confucius(孔子) and Sun Tzu(孫子) as Hanrei's contemporaries. Sun Tzu was a staff officer of Wu, but Hanrei understands his military art and deceives him to win. In addition, He decided the final battle with Wu in the words of the messenger of Confucius. And after making full use of all the tricks and winning brilliantly, he shook off Kousen's detention and changed his name twice and became a millionaire. Hanrei can be said to be a genius of the world. Even from my point of view, it is an attractive character. In addition, Wu Zixu has a tragic end. Wu Zixu, who was given death by Fusa, had suicided. "Hang my eyes on the gate. Watch Wu be destroyed by Yue." That's actually the case ... Hanrei was renamed "shiishihi:鴟夷子皮" for the first time, after Wu Zixu 's body was put in the skin(shiishihi) and thrown into the Changjiang River. I think it was a serious lesson. He finally calls himself Toshukou(陶朱公).
I had a hard time because there were many kanji that was difficult to be converted between Japanese and Chinese.
(bonus)
About "self-determination: suicide" (self-determination, suicide). It's a rough theme because it's heavy, but it is mentioned that during the battle of Wu Yue, Yue's general Hanrei made the prisoners make a collective suicide in front of the Wu army in order to kill the spirit of the Wu army. I will. At this time, it is unclear how the prisoners committed suicide. In the manga "Wu-yue Burning " (Sentaro Kubota: product, Fumio Hisamatsu: picture: Kodansha Super Bunko), there are two handles, like peeling a tree, and a knife that is cut by holding both ends with both hands. Then, I aim at the neck from the back of the head and cut it off from diagonally above. The neck separates from the torso, as if it had been sentenced to a guillotine.
On the other hand, in"History(shiki) entry gate from zero knowledge", it is drawn to cut through the carotid artery with a knife, and I am wondering which was the self-determination method at that time (around 500 BC). There are various theories about this, but I think the guillotine method is more suitable. Hanrei is willing to do cruel things. He was ruthless, and that's why he was a great general.
A word of the day: How many do you know?
＠Wu-yue Doshu（呉越同舟）:Even enemy cooperate when ship they boarding may sinks.
＠following the sick (顰に倣う)：Fusa’s wife(Seishi:西施)from Yue was always bad mood, people imitate her.
＠lie down and taste the guts(臥薪嘗胆)：to revenge ,make one itself do bitter action.
＠ whipping dead corpses(死屍を鞭打つ) :Explode excessive emotion.
＠far away at nightfall (日暮れて途遠し): I can't stand my feelings.
＠Shame of Kuaiji Commandery(会稽の恥) :Even if surrendered, never
Forget the shame, intend next victory.
Reference: Manga "Wu-yue Burning " Illustration: Fumio Hisamatsu Written by Sentaro Kubota Kodansha
Throughout the history of China, the best general was Fan Li, not Zhuge Liang(諸葛孔明) nor Zhang Liang(張良). Although he was in power in the country, he sensed his danger from the character of the king and went down to the field , and became a great success as a merchant. He knows the subtleties of moving in and out.
- 作者:久保田 千太郎
- 発売日: 1989/11/01
- メディア: 単行本
Updated once a week on Wednesday or Thursday.
In Japanese, original
軍師・范蠡（ハンレイ）＝処世の天才
これから７回、中国特集です。私は、子どものころから、中国の文章に馴染み、中国哲学、歴史書、中国詩などを独自に学んできました。でも、今の思い上がった中国には嫌悪感を持ちます。中国共産党がウイグル族に行っているホロコースト、反吐がでます。中国は滅びるのが妥当な末路だと思います。そう思う前には中国の文化が大好きだったので、そこから持ち帰ったエッセンスを書こうと思います。（第４回）
ここで古代中国とは、春秋戦国時代から唐の時代までを指します。
中国戦史の中で特別に面白いのは、漢楚の戦い（項羽VS劉邦）でもなく、三国志（曹操VS諸葛孔明）でもありません。それは紀元前６世紀から５世紀にかけて争われた呉越の争いです。
呉（ご）と越（えつ）は当時中国の後進国でしたが、この２国の勝者・越が中原に覇を唱える（中国を支配する）ことになりました。
呉の王は夫差（フサ）、越の王は勾践、いずれも意志の弱い凡庸な王でした。その２人を盛り立てたのが呉で伍子胥（ゴシショ）、越で范蠡でした。
蠡：rei(木喰い虫)が語源
ゴシショは本来楚の人でしたが、楚王の非道を恨んで呉に亡命しました。その恨みを晴らすために越王に謁見しました（まだコウセンの代ではない）。越王：「私怨のために兵を貸せるか」その場で自刎（自ら首を刎ねること）しようとしたゴシショにたすけ舟を出したのがハンレイでした。ゴシショは越の兵を借りて行く。越王：「見ろ、みすみす兵を掻っ攫われてしまったではないか。」ハンレイ：「なに、これで１０年の平和が買えるなら安いものです。呉が戦っているうちに、あのはなたれ小僧どももいっぱしの兵士になりますから。」 越王：「ハンレイ、お前という男は・・・」その後、越に不利な状況になったとき、この「貸した兵」をネタにその状況をひっくり返すのです。
なお、ハンレイの同時代人としては孔子や孫子がいました。孫子は呉の軍師でしたが、ハンレイは孫子の兵法を理解し、孫子をあざむいて勝利を得ます。また孔子の使者の子貢の言で呉との最終戦を決意します。そしてあらゆる策略を駆使し見事に勝利を収めたあとは、コウセンの慰留を振り切り出国して名を２度変え、大富豪になります。ハンレイは、処世の天才と言ってもいいでしょう。私から見ても、魅力的なキャラクターです。
なお、ゴシショは悲劇的な最期を遂げます。フサに死を賜ったゴシショは自刎して果てます。「おれの両目を城門に掛けておけ。呉が越に滅ぼされるのを見届けるのだ」と言って。実際にそうなるのですが・・・ハンレイは一回目の改名で「鴟夷子皮（シイシヒ）」と名乗りましたが、これはゴシショの遺体が皮（シイシヒ）に入れられ長江に投げ捨てられたのを教訓にしたのでしょう。最後に陶朱公（トウシュコウ）と名乗ります。
＊＊日本語⇔中国語で、変換しにくい漢字が多くて苦労しました。
（おまけ）
「自刎：じふん」（自決、自殺）について。しょっぱなから荒々しいテーマですが、呉越の争いの時、越の軍師・范蠡（ハンレイ）が、呉軍の気勢を殺ぐために、囚人たちを呉軍の目前で集団自決させたという話が伝わります。このとき、囚人たちがどのように自刎したのか、定かではないのです。マンガ『呉越燃ゆ』（久保田千太郎：作、久松文雄：画：講談社スーパー文庫）では木の皮を剥くように、取っ手が２つあり、両手で両端を持って切るようになっている刃物で、自分で後頭部から首を目がけて斜め上から叩き切るのです。まるでギロチンの刑にあったように、首が胴体から離脱します。
一方『知識ゼロからの史記入門』では、刃物で頚動脈を掻き切るように描かれていて、どっちが当時（BC５００年ころ）の自決法だったか、迷うのです。これについては諸説紛々ですが、私はギロチン方式がより相応しいと思います。
范蠡は、残虐なことも平気で行うのです。非情である、それでこそ軍師です。
今日のひと言：いくつ知っているかな？
呉越同舟、顰（ひそみ）にならう、臥薪嘗胆、死屍を鞭打つ、日暮れて道遠し、
会稽の恥
参考：マンガ「呉越 燃ゆ」画：久松文雄 作：久保田千太郎 講談社
中國の歴史を通じて、最高の軍人は諸葛孔明でも張良でもなく、范蠡だったろう。国の権力の座にいたのに、王の性格から身の危険を察知し野にくだって、商人として大成功した。出処進退の機微を心得た大人物。
Fan-Li , WuYueConflict, San tzu, merchant, Wu Zixu
