Ruthless Law-One of the Philosophers in ancient China: Problems of Legalists (Han Fei’s thought and Shang Yang’s sorrow)
Ruthless Law-One of the Philosophers in ancient China:
Problems of Legalists (Han Fei’s thought and Shang Yang’s sorrow)
The following words and explanations are the main work of Han Fei(韓非), the representative of the legalist, in the great book "Chinese Classical Quotations Encyclopedia" (Kodansha) by Tetsuji Morohashi. It is a passage of "Han Feizi".
The harm that invades the government is more serious than the cold.
(Two patterns) Beyond the job, reaching out to other areas is more harmful than the cold weather. Han Hou(昭侯) was drunk and slept. At this time, an official , who was in charge of the crown, put on his clothes, thinking that it would be cold. Awakened, Han Hou was pleased with it for a while, but soon after he knew that the official had done what he mustn’t do, he thought as shown act of over-rights . and other official in charge of clothes did dereliction of duty. It is said that he punished both of the officials.
403P-404P It sounds good to say, "The law applies equally to everyone," but there is also such a story.
Qin's chief vassal (of course, a legalist): When Shang Yang was guilty and asked for an inn at the inn where he fled, master said, "There is a law decided by Shang Yang, so if you don't have a bill, you can't stay overnight. The amazing reality of "I can't do it" struck Shang Yang. About the idea of Han Fei (280BC? -233BC), which is the source of the idea of the legalist, from the wiki (Han Fei) Utilitarian view of humanity In principle, Han Fei's view of humanity shares a common perspective with Confucius, but strictly speaking, it is close to Xun Kuang's “Human nature is evil”.
It presents a kind of natural state hypothesis that there was no struggle when there were few people, and develops an argument that changes in the external environment and physical conditions affect humanity. According to Han Fei, people are peaceful when there are many supplies and few people, and conversely, when there are few supplies and there are many people, they are in conflict.
In a struggling society with more people, such as the time when Han Fei lived, the laws and punishments in a peaceful environment are meaningless, and the laws and punishments must be changed according to the times. Some people just look at the lightness of the punishment and say that if the punishment is small, it is charity, and if the punishment is severe, it is cruel, but since the punishment is in line with the trends of the world, this criticism does not apply.
Han Fei (from wiki)
Han Fei, who impressed Qin Shi Huang(秦の始皇帝), ended his life without serving the emperor, but the remaining Shang Yang, Li Si, and the top Qin Shi Huang are all ruthless and implement laws that afflict the people. Did you do that? In particular, Li Si is a plotter who is jealous of Han Fei's talent and kills him. However, Li Si will be destroyed by the plot he himself took. After the Qin dynasty, which imposed such a fierce legal system on the people, was destroyed, Han Liu Kun(劉邦) was praised by the people, saying, "The law is only in Chapter 3."
However, speaking of law, it is a well-known fact that in modern Japan, legislation that is advantageous only to the politicians, such as "collusion crimes," was carried out under the Abe Cabinet. Rather, Japan is heading for a hellish nation like Qin. It is a society in which people cry in any era and in any country that cracks down on even the smallest acts of law.
A word of the day: It seems that the history of Han Fei is written in "History(史記)", "Lao Tzu Han Fei Retsuden（biography） No. 3" and "Li Si biography " by Sima Qian (WIKI),and Sima Qian seems to make Han Fei comparable to Lao Tzu. Is’t it?
Modern Legalism (Han Fei's thought): Rule without exception by Smartphone
The following article was published in the Tokyo Shimbun on May 9, 2020.
Murderer, escape 24 years man gave up by Corona [Shanghai = Hakusan Izumi]
A man (48) who had murdered a person in Gansu Province, China 24 years ago and continued to flee all over the country, became a police station in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province earlier this month. Since he did not have a mobile phone, he could not show the "health QR code" that the government is promoting as a preventive measure for the new corona, and he could not use hotels and retail stores.
This man didn't have an ID card or a mobile phone, and he lived on the cash he got from day labor. However, he was out of luck when he moved to Hangzhou City, and there is the headquarters of "Alibaba" which put the "Health QR Code" into practical use. However, he was forced into a situation where he could not do anything without the code, and he thought that he was "no longer escaped" and did self-confess.
What do you think of this arrest drama? Perhaps in general, there will be a relief saying, "I'm glad that the villain was caught." However, it should be noted that behind this matter is the strong intention of the nation to monitor the general public by law.
By the way, in the same China, in the Qin era of BC, the cases mentioned here have already been seen. Quoting from my past log,
It sounds good to say, "The law applies equally to everyone," but there is also such a story. Prime Minister (of course, a legalist): Shang Yang was guilty and asked for an inn at the inn where he fled. master said, "There is a law decided by Shang Yang, so if you don't have a bill, you can't stay overnight. The amazing reality of "I can't do it" struck Shang Yang.
After the Qin dynasty, which imposed such a fierce legal system on the people, was destroyed, Han Liu Kun was praised by the people by saying, "The law is only in Chapter 3." However, speaking of law, it is a well-known fact that in modern Japan, legislation that is advantageous only to the politicians, such as "collusion crimes," was carried out under the Abe Cabinet. Rather, Japan is heading for a hellish nation like Qin. It is a society where people cry in any era and in any country that cracks down on even the smallest acts of law.
···It looks like. How about that? Although the times are different, there is no difference between Qin more than 2000 years ago and modern China in that you cannot stay overnight if you do not have a "traffic bill". Of course, it is the same in modern Japan.
A word of the day: Of course, the situation in modern China is a containment measure against the coronavirus, but for the ruler class, smartphones are a convenient prop to rule the people. (The legalist is one of the hundreds of Chinese philosopher, and is a school advocated by Han Fei and made an unreasonable and fierce claim that the people should be managed efficiently by enhancing the law. , It was recognized by Qin Shi Huang and adopted as a national policy.)
He presents a kind of natural state hypothesis that there was no struggle when there were few people, and develops an argument that changes in the external environment and physical conditions affect humanity. According to Han Fei, people are peaceful when there are many supplies and few people, and conversely, when there are few supplies and there are many people, they are in conflict. In a struggling society with more people, such as when Han Fei lived, the laws and punishments in a peaceful environment are meaningless, and the laws and punishments must be changed according to the times. Some people just look at the lightness of the punishment and say that if the punishment is small.
it is charity, and if the punishment is severe, it is cruel. ..
In fact, smartphone domination is becoming more prevalent. Many companies, not just smartphones, have left the custom of cash payments and are using other payment methods. Therefore, even if it is more convenient to fix the PC I am using now, Microsoft doesn’t repair it, and I cannot shop for the registered Mercari. In these cases, you can deposit with a credit card, but unfortunately I and my brother don't have. Many IT companies don't trust cash, do they?
Updated once a week on Wednesday or Thursday.
In Japanese, original
冷酷な法〜諸子百家の一つ・法家の問題点（韓非の思想と商鞅の悲哀）
以下の言葉と解説は、諸橋轍次（もろはしてつじ）さんの大著『中国古典名言事典』（講談社）の、法家（ほうか）の代表格の韓非（かんぴ）の主著『韓非子』の一節です。
官を侵すの害は、寒きよりも甚（はなは）だし。 （二柄）
職掌を越えて、ほかの領域にまで手を出すことは、ひじょうの寒さよりも、その害が大きい。
韓の昭侯が酒に酔って眠っていた。このとき、冠の係りである典冠の役人が、寒いだろうと思って昭侯に衣類をかけた。目をさました昭侯は、一時はそれを喜んだが、やがて、典衣のなすべきことを典冠がしたと知って、右のように考え、職を全うしなかった典衣、職権を犯した典冠の双方を罰したという。
４０３P−４０４P
「法は誰にでも平等に適用される」と言って、聞こえはいいのですが、こんなお話もあります。秦の重臣（もちろん法家）：商鞅（しょうおう）が罪を得て、逃亡先の旅館で宿を乞うたところ、「商鞅さまが決めた法があるので、手形がなければ宿泊させることは出来ません」という驚くべき現実が商鞅を襲ったのです。
韓非（ｗｉｋｉ）
法家の思想の源である韓非（２８０ＢＣ？−２３３ＢＣ）の思想についてwikiから（韓非）
功利的な人間観
韓非の人間観は原理上は孔子と共通の観点を取っているが、厳密には荀子の性悪説に近い。
人が少なかった頃は闘争はなかったという一種の自然状態仮説を提示し、外的環境と物的状況の変化が人間性に影響を与えるという議論を展開する。韓非によれば、物資が多くて人が少なければ人々は平和的で、逆に物資が少なくて人が多いと闘争的になる。韓非が生きた時代のような、人が増えた闘争的な社会では、平和的な環境にあった法や罰は意味が無く、時代に合わせて法も罰も変えなければいけない。ただ罰の軽重だけを見て、罰が少なければ慈愛であるといい、罰が厳しければ残酷だという人がいるが、罰は世間の動向に合わせるものであるから、この批判は当たらないという。
秦の始皇帝に感銘を与えた韓非、皇帝に仕えることなく一生を終えましたが、残った商鞅や李斯（りし）、およびトップの始皇帝は誰もが冷酷で、人民を苦しませる法を実施したのですね。特に李斯は策謀家で、韓非の才能を妬み、殺害しています。もっとも、李斯は自らも乗った策謀で身を滅ぼします。
あまりに苛烈な法体系を人民に押付けた秦が滅んだあと、漢の劉邦は「法は三章のみ」と言って人民の喝采を浴びたのです。でも、法と言えば、現代日本では「共謀罪」など、為政者にとってのみ有利な法整備が安倍内閣のもとで行われたのは、周知の事実です。むしろ秦のような地獄の国家に日本は向かっているのでしょう。法が細かな行為でさえ厳しく取り締まるのは、どんな時代、どんな国でも人民が泣く社会です。
今日のひと言：司馬遷の『史記』「老子韓非子列伝第三」および「李斯伝」に韓非の事跡が書かれているそうですが（WIKI）、司馬遷は、韓非を老子に比肩させているようですね。
現代の法家思想（韓非の思想）：スマホによる例外なき支配
２０２０年５月９日の東京新聞の紙面で、以下のような記事が掲載されていました。
殺人、逃走２４年男 コロナで観念 【上海＝白山泉】
二十四年前に中国甘粛省で人を殺害し、全国各地を逃げ続けていた男（四十八）が今月に入って浙江省杭州市の警察署に自首した。携帯電話を持っていなかったことから、政府が新型コロナの予防対策として導入を進める「健康QRコード」を提示できず、ホテルや小売店などを利用できなくなった。
この男は、身分証も携帯電話も持たず、日雇い労働をして手にした現金を使って生活していたそうです。ところが杭州市に移動したのが運の尽き、ここには「健康QRコード」を実用化した「アリババ」の本社があり、コードがなければ手も足も出ない、宿泊、買い物、労働をするのにもコードがなければなにも出来ない状況に追いやられ、「もはやこれまで」と観念して自首したというのです。
この逮捕劇、どう思われるでしょうか？たぶん一般的には「極悪人が捕まって、良かった、良かった」という安堵の声が上ることでしょう。でも、注意したいのは、この件の裏には、法によって一般大衆を漏れなく監視するという国家の強力な意図が見え隠れしているのです。
ところで、同じ中国では、紀元前の秦の時代には、ここで取り上げたような事例が既に見られます。私の過去ログから引用しますと、
「法は誰にでも平等に適用される」と言って、聞こえはいいのですが、こんなお話もあります。秦の重臣（もちろん法家）：商鞅（しょうおう）が罪を得て、逃亡先の旅館で宿を乞うたところ、「商鞅さまが決めた法があるので、手形がなければ宿泊させることは出来ません」という驚くべき現実が商鞅を襲ったのです。
あまりに苛烈な法体系を人民に押付けた秦が滅んだあと、漢の劉邦は「法は三章のみ」と言って人民の喝采を浴びたのです。でも、法と言えば、現代日本では「共謀罪」など、為政者にとってのみ有利な法整備が安倍内閣のもとで行われたのは、周知の事実です。むしろ秦のような地獄の国家に日本は向かっているのでしょう。法が細かな行為でさえ厳しく取り締まるのは、どんな時代、どんな国でも人民が泣く社会です。
・・・の、ようになります。どうでしょうか？時代は違えど、「通行手形」を所持していなければ宿泊もままならない、と言った点では、２０００年以上まえの秦と現代中国では、まったく変わりがありません。もちろん、現代日本でもそうです。
今日のひと言：もちろん、現代中国における状況は、コロナウイルスへの封じ込め策ではあるわけですが、支配者階級にとっては、人民を支配するための便利な小道具がスマホなのです。（法家は、中国の諸子百家の一つで、韓非が提唱し、法を充実させることで、効率的に、人民を管理すべきだとする、理不尽で苛烈な主張を展開した学派で、秦の始皇帝に認められ、国策として採用された、というわけです。）
人が少なかった頃は闘争はなかったという一種の自然状態仮説を提示し、外的環境と物的状況の変化が人間性に影響を与えるという議論を展開する。韓非によれば、物資が多くて人が少なければ人々は平和的で、逆に物資が少なくて人が多いと闘争的になる。韓非が生きた時代のような、人が増えた闘争的な社会では、平和的な環境にあった法や罰は意味が無く、時代に合わせて法も罰も変えなければいけない。ただ罰の軽重だけを見て、罰が少なければ慈愛であるといい、罰が厳しければ残酷だという人がいるが、罰は世間の動向に合わせるものであるから、この批判は当たらないという。
韓非（ｗｉｋｉ より）
実際、スマホによる支配は浸透してきています。スマホに限らず、いろいろな企業の多くは、現金決済という慣習を離れ、それ以外の決済法を取っています。そのため、この、私がいま使っているPCの直した方が便利な故障も、修理がMicrosoftでは出来ませんし、せっかく登録したメルカリも、買い物が出来ません。これらの場合、クレジットカードがあれば入金できますが、あいにく私や弟は持っていないのです。多くのIT企業は、現金を信用しないのですね。
韓非は、その緻密な頭脳で人民にとって苛烈な「法家思想」を創始したが、妬まれ自殺した。その発想は秦に受け入れられ、人民を縛りあげたが、現代の人民も、スマホによって同じように支配されている。
Tag legalist Han Fei Shang Yang smartphone domination
Han Fei founded the legalist fierce for the people with his elaborate mind, but was envied and committed suicide. His idea was accepted by Qin and tied up the people, and the modern people are similarly dominated by smartphones.
