Free-form haiku:2 big haiku poets(Santoka &Hosai):2Blogs set
Free-form haiku:2 big haiku poets(Santoka &Hosai):2Blogs set
Wandering poet: Taneda Santoka(山頭火 種田)
"Even if walk forward , even if walk forward, I confront the blue mountain"
Known for his haiku, "Taneda Santoka" was a leader in the movement aimed at more free writing by abolishing the basic forms of 5, 7, and 5 and seasonal words in haiku. he is a Disciple of Ogiwara Seisensui, who was also a wandering haiku poet,like Ozaki Hosai. Now that I have the "Santoka Taneda haiku Complete Works " (Mamoru Murakami: Chikuma Bunko), I have it. I will pick up a remarkable phrase.
"I pike the last snowy cloud" (44P)
"I walk Buttercup, I sit Buttercup" (54 pages)
He often read in natural objects that I encountered during my trip.
"I am a blind to bear the burden" (97P)
"There are things that can't let the clouds fall in a well" (135P)
The phrases around here are meaningful. The fact that Taneda Santoka (real name: Shoichi)'s mother, who was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture, jumped into a well at her home and committed suicide when he was 10 years old, which was a source of deep lifelong anxiety for him. there is. And the very affection for her mother is repeatedly sung.
"Offering udon, mother, I will also have it" (193P, 47th anniversary of his mother’s death)
"Dandelion disperse in the house where Mother was dead" (260P, Mother's 49th Anniversary of
death)
And perhaps about his father who killed her mother by flirtation
"I won't have a father who has a habit of becoming more and more similar" (260P)
When I think about it, he dropped out of Waseda University, took over the family business, but went bankrupt, left his wife and children to go home, and went on a nationwide pilgrimage ... or rather, he who messed up his life. It seems that there were two wishes. One of them was "leaving a phrase that only he can write", and the other was "rolling out".
In fact, it seems that the two wishes have been fulfilled. This is because there is a collection of haiku that I can unravel, and the person himself "suddenly" due to drinking too much alcohol. I (Rei Morishita) have lost my mother like Santoka, so I feel close to Santoka. My mother came from Osaka to D prefecture in northern Kanto, where the climate is harsh, as the wife of a company factory manager, and became manic-depressive. She woke up and was forced to be admitted to a mental hospital, and she ended her ephemeral life in 1986 after my graduating from college. It's a slow suicide.
A word of the day: I read the phrase "Even if walk forward , even if walk forward, I confront the blue mountain"which says, "I haven't reached the point of" enlightenment "yet." If you find blue, you don't have to climb any more at that point. That is the goal. However, Santoka, who was more troublesome than others, will follow a more rugged path. For her mother and her requires cats. His essay, which is published at the same time, is a good source of information that traces the trajectory of his heart.
Reference:
https://iirei.hatenablog.com/entry/20060505/1146785650
(In Japanese)
If you listen to the questions and answers of the Zen priest Baso and his disciple Hyakujo, Santoka shouldn't have to worry anymore. When asked "Where is the flying duck going?" And answered "Over there," Baso pinches his nose. Hyakujo shouts, "Oh, that's a pain." Baso said, "You wouldn't go anywhere." Through this exchange, Hyakujo realized. If you apply the relationship between duck and Hyakujo to Santoka, you will look a relationship between blue mountain and Santoka. The way of holding the heart is different between the two. Will you settle down or will you not stop walking yet? In his case, he seems to be stepping on the verge of enlightenment. On the contrary, from my point of view, "Blue Mountain" can be used as an explanation of the anecdote of Hyakujo.
There is a work in the manga called "Straight Road and Lonely-Taneda Santoka Gaiden", drawn by Takashi Iwashige. Kodansha: Morning KC, 5 volumes in total.
"The sea is dark: Hosai Ozaki (放哉 尾崎)’s the last 8 months
I read "The sea is dark" by Akira Yoshimura. This novel is about the last eight months of Shodoshima by Ozaki Hosai, a poet who lived in the Meiji and Taisho eras.
Ozaki Hosai showed his talent for haiku, but after graduating from the Faculty of Law, Tokyo Imperial University, he became the contract manager of the Tokyo head office of the Toyo Life Insurance Company. But he has a bad habit of drinking, and if he drinks deeply from the morning, he relentlessly entangles with the other person at the liquor table, and he gets fired from the company. And he makes the same mistake at the Taiyo Life Insurance Company that was picked up and gets fired. He broke up with his beloved wife, Kaoru, and sought a lonely hermit home. So he arrived at Shodoshima in the Seto Inland Sea.
Ozaki Hosai's drinking habit was not a body of drinking and violent, but a drunkenness that relentlessly questioned the other party and cursed him. And this was a "virtue" that he admitted.
It may be that there is an affinity that "haiku companions" have, but for Ozaki Hosai, it was “Ogiwara Seisensui:荻原井泉水”, who was also a teacher, who searched for Shodoshima. Inoue Ichiji, who accepted me, was also a member of the free-form haiku magazine "Soun:層雲", which ｓｅｉｓｅｎｓｕｉ presided over. Free-form haiku is a haiku that was first proposed by” KawahigashiHekigodou::河東碧梧桐”,such as "No season words, regardless of the standard of 5.7.5."
＠I've come this far and wrote a sudden letter
This is a phrase he wrote when Ozaki Hosai arrived on the island. It's a translative phrase, isn't it?
By the way, Ozaki Hosai had a chronic illness that could lead to death. It is a lung disease (tuberculosis) that was more feared than cancer at that time. He was considerably worse when he came to the island. He doesn't have the physical strength to work to feed himself ... So he couldn't help but give the people around him and his friends the innocence of goods and money.
The hermitage has also been decided. It was habitant of Saikou-ji Temple. It was due to the favor of the priest.
Ozaki Hosai, who was nervous, doubts the good intentions of their supporters for a while, but after a while he realizes that it is due to his own grief, and after that he does not doubt their good intentions.
In such an environment, Ozaki Hosai has created a phrase which can be called his masterpiece.
@ Even if I cough, I am alone
@ Go around the back of the grave
@ What a round moon has come out window
Especially, the phrase "cough" is amazing. Hosai Ozaki felt like he had no connection with his relatives, and he refused to contact his relatives even if he died. He's so scared that he wants to scream that there's no one around him. It is skillfully expressed. However, there was an aunt named Shige who took good care of her surroundings.
When he first arrived on the island, he usually ate "flour kneaded with water" and umeboshi, so his physical strength was visibly weakened. Shige also gives in nourishing foods such as meat and eggs, but gradually his body eats only porridge, alternating between diarrhea and severe constipation.
He had been constipated for four days, but he ate red rice and soup powder, which made him so hungry that he couldn't get stools when he crawls into the yard and tries hard. Eventually, his intestines came out of his anus, and when he tried to push it back with paper, he couldn't get in and blood began to flow. He took a laxative, sushi salt, and slumped and moaned on his futon. Cold sweat was flowing all over his body, and he was holding his futon firmly.
What's more, perhaps because of his laryngeal tuberculosis, even the porridge can't go through his throat ... he can't even stand up. he can't make a decent voice. He will die. He was 42 years old. Former wife :Kaoru came to take care of his death. It was the 15th year of the Taisho era.
Currently in Saikou-ji Temple
＠There is nothing to put in. Receive with both hands
It seems that there is a monument that will be written by Seisensui.
.
A word of the day: Mr. Akira Yoshimura also had an experience of suffering from tuberculosis, and he felt that he was motivated to write a biography of Ozaki Hosai. If you have any symptoms, it will be tough, tuberculosis ,isn’t it?
Book I read: "The sea is dark" Akira Yoshimura: Kodansha: 1980 First Edition
Updated once a week on Wednesday or Thursday.
In Japanese, original
放浪の俳人・種田山頭火
「分け入っても分け入っても青い山」
という俳句で知られる「種田山頭火（たねだ・さんとうか）は、俳句のなかでも、５・７・５の基本形と季語を廃し、より自由な句作を目指した運動の担い手でした。師匠は荻原井泉水（おぎわら・せいせんすい）で、同じく放浪の俳人であった尾崎放哉（おざき・ほうさい）と同門です。いま、手元に「山頭火句集」（村上護：ちくま文庫）があるので、めぼしい句を拾い上げてみます。
「雪空の最後のひとつをもぐ」（４４P）
「あるけばきんぽうげすわればきんぽうげ」（５４P）
旅の途中で出会った自然物をよみこむことが多いです。
「重荷を負うてめくらである」（９７P）
「水に雲かげもおちつかせないものがある」（１３５P）
この辺の句は意味深です。山口県出身の種田山頭火（本名・正一）の母は、山頭火が１０歳のとき、自宅の井戸に飛び込んで自殺したという、彼にとっては生涯にわたる深い煩悩のもとになったといえる事実があります。そしてまさに母への慕情は、くりかえし詠まれます。
「うどん供えて、母よ、わたしもいただきまする」（１９３P・母の４７回忌）
「たんぽぽちるやしきりにおもう母の死のこと」（２６０P・母の第４９回忌）
そして、おそらくは浮気によって母を死に追いやった父についても
「だんだん似てくる癖の、父はもういない」（２６０P）
と、詠っています。
思えば、早稲田大学を中退し、家業を継いだが破産し、妻子を残して出家して、全国行脚・・・というか乞食行へと、人生がめちゃくちゃになってしまった彼、２つの宿願があったそうです。そのひとつは「自分にしか書けない句を残すこと」、もうひとつは「ころり往生」だったそうです。実際、二つの宿願は叶えられたようです。いま、私が紐解く句集があり、本人も酒の飲みすぎで「頓死」するからです。私（森下礼）は、山頭火のように、母を失った経験があるので、山頭火に親近感を覚えます。私の母は、大阪から風土の厳しい北関東のD県に、会社工場長の妻としてやって来て、躁鬱病（そううつびょう）になり、私が中学１年生のときにものすごい発作（騒動）を起こし、精神病院に強制的に入院させられ、私が大学卒業後の１９８６年に儚い一生を終えたのです。緩慢な自殺といえるでしょう。
今日のひと言：「分け入っても分け入っても青い山」という山頭火の一句、「いまだ悟り」の境地に至ってない、と言うように、私は読み解きます。青を発見すれば、その時点でそれ以上、山に上る必要はないからです。そこがゴールです。でも、煩悩の人一倍あった山頭火は、よりふかく道をたどるのでしょう。母、そして自分の鎮魂のために。なお、同時に掲載されている彼の随筆は、彼のこころの軌跡をたどる良い資料となっています。
私の過去ログ：http://d.hatena.ne.jp/iirei/20060505：独座大雄峰
に出てくる、禅僧・馬祖と、その弟子・百丈の問答を聞いていれば、もう悩むこともないのでしょうが。「飛んでいく鴨はどこへ行くか？」との馬祖の問いかけに対し、「あっちに」と答えかけたら、馬祖は百丈の鼻をつまみます。「あ痛ああ」と叫ぶ百丈。「どこへも行ってないだろう」という馬祖。このやり取りで百丈は悟りました。鴨と百丈の関係を山頭火に適用すると、青い山と山頭火の関係になります。こころの持ち方が両者で異なるのです。どっしりと落ち着くのか、まだ歩みを止めないのか。彼の場合、悟りの一歩手前で足踏みしているようです。逆に、私から見るに、百丈の逸話の解説として、「分け入っても分け入っても青い山」は利用できそうです。
マンガに「まっすぐな道でさびしい――種田山頭火外伝」という作品があり、いわしげ孝が描いています。講談社：モーニングKC・全５巻。
「海も暮れきる」・・・尾崎放哉・最期の８か月
吉村昭さんのものした「海も暮れきる」を読みました。この中篇小説は、明治・大正期を生きた俳人、尾崎放哉（おざき・ほうさい）の、小豆島（しょうどしま）での最期の８ヶ月を綴ったものです。
尾崎放哉は、つとに俳句の才能を示していましたが、東京帝国大学法学部を卒業し、東洋生命保険会社の東京本社契約課長になりました。でも彼は酒癖が悪く、朝から深酒をするは、酒席で飲み相手に執拗な絡み方をするは、で、会社を首になってしまいます。そして拾われた太陽生命保険会社でもおなじ失敗をして首になります。そして最愛の妻・馨（かおる）とも別れ、ひとり孤独なわび住まいを求めるに至ります。そこで、彼が行き着いたのが、瀬戸内海に浮かぶ小豆島でした。
尾崎放哉の酒癖は、飲んで暴力を振るうという体のものではなく、相手を執拗に詰問する、罵倒するという感じの酒乱でした。そしてこれは本人も認めていた「悪徳」でした。
「俳句仲間」のもつ親和性というべきものがあるのかも知れませんが、尾崎放哉にとっても、小豆島を探してくれたのは師でもある荻原井泉水（おぎわら・せいせんすい）で、島に受け入れてくれた井上一二も、井泉水が主宰する自由律俳句誌「層雲」の同人でした。自由律俳句とは、河東碧梧桐が初めて提唱した、「５・７・５の定型によらず、季語もなし」・・・といった感じの俳句のことです。
＠ここまで来てしまって急な手紙を書いてゐる
これは、尾崎放哉が島についたころ書いた句です。そうとう変格な句ですよね。
さて、尾崎放哉には死に繋がる持病がありました。それは当時ガンより恐れられていた肺病（結核）です。島に来た際にはかなり病状が悪化していました。自分を養うにも、働く体力がない・・・そこで周囲の人びととか同人たちには、物品、お金の無心をしないわけにはいきませんでした。
庵も決まりました。西光寺の別庵・南郷庵（みなんごうあん）でした。住職の好意によるものでした。
神経質になっていた尾崎放哉は、一時期、彼ら支援者の善意を疑いますが、しばらくしてそれが自分の僻み（ひがみ）によるものであることに気付き、以降は彼らの善意を疑わなくなります。
こんな環境で、尾崎放哉は彼の代表作のような句をひねり出しています。
＠咳をしても ひとり
＠墓のうらに 廻る
＠ なんと丸い月が出たよ 窓
特に、「咳」の句がスゴイですね。尾崎放哉は、親族とも縁を切った気でいて、自分が死んでも、親族に連絡することを拒みました。自分の周りには誰一人いない・・・という叫びたくなるほどの恐怖。それを、巧みに表現しています。もっとも、身の回りの世話をよくやってくれた、シゲさんというおばさんがいましたが。
島に着いた当初、食べるものといえば「小麦粉を水で練ったもの」と梅干・・・といった食生活をしていたので、体力は眼に見えて落ちていきます。肉、卵などの滋養のある食べ物も譲ってもらいますが、彼のからだは次第に、粥（かゆ）くらいしか食べられなくなり、下痢と強固な便秘に交互に悩まされるようになります。
四日前から便秘していたが、赤めしと汁粉を食べたので腹が強く張り、厠に這って行って力んでみても便は出ない。そのうちに、遂に腸が肛門の外に出てしまい、それを紙で押しもどそうとしても入らず、血が流れはじめた。かれは、下剤のしゃり塩を服用し、ふとんの上で突っ伏して呻きつづけた。冷汗が全身に流れ、ふとんをかたくつかんでいた。
しかも、喉頭結核になったのか、お粥さえ喉を通らなくなってしまいます・・・立ち上がることも出来ません。声もまともに出ません。彼は死にます。４２歳の若さでした。馨は死を看取りに来てくれたそうです。大正１５年のことでした。
現在、南郷庵には
＠いれものがない 両手でうける
という井泉水の筆になる句碑が立っているそうです。
今日のひと言：吉村昭さんも、結核を患った経験があり、それを縁に感じて尾崎放哉の評伝を書く気になったそうです。症状が出たら、きついんでしょうね、結核。
自由律俳句の俳人：荻原井泉水の門下に、優れた弟子が２人いた。種田山頭火と尾崎放哉だ。２人とも、社会不適応者だったが、すぐれた作品を残した。芸術の不思議さを感じる。
タグ：自由律俳句 社会不適応 芸術 種田山頭火 尾崎放哉
